Live MediSum Demo

Using a simulation model of 5-year survivors of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma based on cohort and national data, projected survival and cumulative incidence of breast cancer and heart failure were compared across treatment exposures (extended-field RT, chest RT ≥35 Gy, chest RT <35 Gy, and chemotherapy only) versus the general population. By age 65, projected overall survival was lowest after extended-field RT and highest after chemotherapy only, and female survivors treated with RT had markedly elevated cumulative breast cancer incidence while all survivor groups had substantially higher heart failure risks and earlier onset of these events compared with the general population.

In a nationwide Korean cohort of 37,957 breast cancer patients who underwent curative surgery, 1:1 propensity-matched analysis (9,928 per group) found comparable skin cancer incidence between adjuvant radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy groups (0.97% vs 1.02%, p=0.720), and no significant association between radiotherapy and overall skin cancer, melanoma, or non-melanoma skin cancer. Independent predictors of increased skin cancer risk included older age, presence of moles (HR 5.254), premalignant skin lesions (HR 12.905), and lymphedema (HR 1.978).

This review summarizes evolving systemic treatment options for patients with hormone receptor–positive, HER2‑negative advanced breast cancer, noting CDK4/6 inhibitors as the preferred first‑line therapy and describing newer classes (PI3K/AKT inhibitors, oral SERDs, PROTACs, PARP inhibitors, and antibody–drug conjugates). It emphasizes that treatment sequencing should account for mechanisms of resistance emerging on endocrine and CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy, with the goal of using the most effective and tolerable agents early to delay chemotherapy and maximize quality and duration of life.